Okokuqala : Ucaphulo
Kwinkqubo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, inyathelo lokuqala kukubuza kunye nekowuteshini yeemveliso.Phakathi kwazo, ikowuti yeemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ikakhulu ibandakanya: ibakala lomgangatho wemveliso, ukucaciswa kwemveliso kunye nemodeli, nokuba ngaba imveliso ineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zokupakisha, ubungakanani bemveliso ethengiweyo, ixesha lokuhanjiswa kwemfuno, indlela yothutho yemveliso, izinto eziphathekayo. imveliso, njl.Iikowuteshini ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zezi: Ukuhanjiswa kwe-FOB ebhodini, iindleko ze-CNF kunye nomthwalo, iindleko ze-CIF, i-inshurensi kunye nomthwalo, njl.
Okwesibini : Umyalelo
Emva kokuba amaqela amabini orhwebo efikelele kwinjongo malunga nekoteyishini, ishishini lomthengi lifaka ngokusesikweni iodolo kwaye lithethathethane neshishini lomthengisi kwimiba ethile enxulumene noko.Kwinkqubo yokusayina "Ikhontrakthi yokuThenga", ikakhulu uthetha-thethana ngegama lemveliso, iinkcukacha, ubungakanani, ixabiso, ukupakishwa, indawo yemvelaphi, ixesha lokuthumela, imiqathango yokuhlawula, iindlela zokuhlalisa, amabango, ukulamla, njl. emva kothethathethwano.Bhala kwiKhontrakthi yokuThenga.Oku kuphawula ukuqala ngokusemthethweni kweshishini lokuthumela ngaphandle.Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukusayinwa kwemvumelwano yokuthenga ngokuphindwe kabini kuya kusebenza ngokutywinwa kwasemthethweni kwenkampani kufakwe isitampu ngawo omabini amaqela, kwaye iqela ngalinye liya kugcina ikopi enye.
Okwesithathu : Indlela yokuhlawula
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kumazwe ngamazwe, ezizezi, ileta yentlawulo yetyala, intlawulo yeTT kunye nentlawulo ngqo.
1. Intlawulo ngeleta yetyala
Iileta zekhredithi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ileta engenanto yetyala kunye neleta ebhaliweyo yekhredithi.Ikhredithi yoxwebhu ibhekiselele kwileta yekhredithi kunye namaxwebhu achaziweyo, kwaye ileta yekhredithi ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu ibizwa ngokuba yileta engenanto yekhredithi.Ngamafutshane, ileta yetyala luxwebhu lwesiqinisekiso esiqinisekisa ukufunyanwa komthengisi ngaphandle kwentlawulo yeempahla.Nceda uqaphele ukuba ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle kufuneka libe ngaphakathi kwexesha elisemthethweni le-L/C, kwaye ixesha lokubonisa i-L/C kufuneka lingeniswe ungadlulanga umhla wokuqinisekisa we-L/C.Kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ileta yekhredithi isetyenziswa njengendlela yokuhlawula, kwaye umhla wokukhutshwa kweleta yekhredithi kufuneka ucace, ucace kwaye uphelele.
2. TT indlela yokuhlawula
Indlela yokuhlawula ye-TT ihlawulwe kwimali yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle.Umthengi wakho uya kuthumela imali kwiakhawunti yebhanki yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle emiselwe yinkampani yakho.Ungacela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngexesha elithile emva kokuba iimpahla zifikile.
3. Indlela yokuhlawula ngokuthe ngqo
Ibhekisela kwintlawulo yokuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi komthengi kunye nomthengisi.
Okwesine: istocking
Ukugcinwa kwempahla kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yorhwebo kwaye kufuneka iphunyezwe nganye nganye ngokuhambelana nekhontrakthi.Imixholo ephambili yokukhangela isitokhwe yile ilandelayo:
1. Umgangatho kunye neenkcukacha zempahla kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngokweemfuno zekhontrakthi.
2. Ubungakanani bempahla: qinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zobungakanani bekhontrakthi okanye ileta yekhredithi ziyafezekiswa.
3. Ixesha lokulungiselela: ngokwemimiselo yeleta yekhredithi, idibaniswe nokucwangciswa kweshedyuli yokuthumela, ukuququzelela ukudibanisa ukuthunyelwa kunye nempahla.
Okwesihlanu: Ukupakisha
Ifom yokupakisha inokukhethwa ngokweempahla ezahlukeneyo (ezifana ne: ibhokisi, ibhokisi yokhuni, isikhwama esilukiweyo, njl.).Iifom zokupakisha ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha.
1. Imigangatho yokupakisha jikelele yokuthumela ngaphandle: ukupakishwa ngokwemigangatho jikelele yorhwebo ngaphandle.
2. Imigangatho yokupakisha ekhethekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle: iimpahla zokuthumela ngaphandle zipakishwa ngokweemfuno ezizodwa zabathengi.
3. Ukupakishwa kunye namanqaku okuthumela (iimpawu zokuthutha) zempahla kufuneka zihlolwe ngokucophelela kwaye ziqinisekiswe ukuba zihambelane nemimiselo yeleta yekhredithi.
Okwesithandathu: Iinkqubo zokucocwa kwempahla
Iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kwempahla yesiqhelo zinzima kakhulu kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu.Ukuba i-custos clearance ayihambanga kakuhle, intengiselwano ayinakugqitywa.
1. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kuxhomekeke ekuhlolweni okusemthethweni ziya kukhutshwa isiqinisekiso sokuhlolwa kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle.Okwangoku, umsebenzi welizwe lam wokuhlola ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle imveliso ikakhulu ubandakanya amakhonkco amane:
(1) Ukwamkelwa kwesicelo sokuhlola: Isicelo sokuhlola sibhekisela kwisicelo somntu wobudlelwane borhwebo lwangaphandle kwi-arhente yokuhlola i-commodity ukuze ihlolwe.
(2) Isampuli: Emva kokuba i-arhente yokuhlola impahla yamkele isicelo sokuhlolwa, iya kuthumela ngokukhawuleza abasebenzi kwindawo yokugcina indawo yokuhlola kunye nokuvavanya.
(3) Ukuhlolwa: Emva kokuba i-arhente yokuhlola impahla yamkele isicelo sokuhlola, ifunda ngokucophelela izinto zokuhlola ezibhengezwe kwaye inqume umxholo wokuhlola.Kwaye uphonononge ngokucophelela isivumelwano (ileta yekhredithi) imimiselo kumgangatho, iinkcukacha, ukupakishwa, ukucacisa isiseko sokuhlola, kunye nokumisela imigangatho yokuhlola kunye neendlela.(Iindlela zokuhlola ziquka ukuhlolwa kwesampulu, ukuhlolwa kohlalutyo lwezixhobo; ukuhlolwa komzimba; ukuhlolwa kweemvakalelo; ukuhlolwa kwe-microbial, njl.)
(4) Ukukhutshwa kweziqinisekiso: Ngokwemiqathango yokuthumela ngaphandle, zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezidweliswe kwi [Uhlobo lweThebhile] ziya kukhupha inqaku lokukhululwa emva kokuphumelela uhlolo yi-arhente yokuhlola imveliso (okanye incamathelise isitywina sokukhululwa kwifomu yesibhengezo sempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze ithathe indawo yayo. iphepha lokukhulula).
2. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abanezatifikethi zokubhengezwa kwamasiko kufuneka baye kumasiko kunye nemibhalo efana noluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi, isibhengezo se-custom declaration power of attorney, ifom yokuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kumazwe angaphandle, ikopi yesivumelwano sempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle, isatifikethi sokuhlola impahla yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nezinye iitekisi.
(1) Uluhlu lokupakisha: ukupakisha iinkcukacha zeemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezinikezelwe ngumthengisi.
(2) I-invoyisi: Isiqinisekiso semveliso yokuthumela ngaphandle enikwe ngumthengisi.
(3) I-Customs Declaration Power of Attorney (i-Electronic): Isiqinisekiso sokuba iyunithi okanye umntu ongenakho ukubhengeza irhafu unika umthengisi wempahla ephumayo ukuba abhengeze amasiko.
(4) Ifomu yokuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle: Isetyenziswa yiyunithi yokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle kwiziko lonaniso lwangaphandle, elibhekiselele kuxwebhu lokuba iyunithi enegunya lokuthumela ngaphandle ifumana isaphulelo serhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle.
(5) Isiqinisekiso sokuhlolwa kwemveliso: efunyenwe emva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwesebe lokuphuma kunye necandelo lokuvalelwa okanye i-arhente yokuhlola ekhethiweyo, ligama eliqhelekileyo lezatifikethi zokuhlola ukungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, izatifikethi zokuvavanya kunye nezinye izatifikethi.Luxwebhu olusebenzayo olunesiseko esisemthethweni sawo onke amaqela abandakanyekayo kurhwebo lwangaphandle ukuba enze izibophelelo zawo zekhontrakthi, aphathe iingxabano zamabango, athethe-thethwane kwaye alamle, kwaye abonise ubungqina kumatyala.
Okwesixhenxe: Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa
Kwinkqubo yokulayisha iimpahla, unokugqiba indlela yokulayisha ngokobuninzi bempahla, kwaye uthathe i-inshurensi ngokweentlobo ze-inshurensi ezichazwe kwiSivumelwano sokuThenga.Khetha kwi:
1. Gqibezela isikhongozeli
Iindidi zezikhongozeli (ezikwaziwa ngokuba zizikhongozeli):
(1) Ngokweenkcukacha kunye nobukhulu:
Okwangoku, izikhongozeli ezomileyo (DRYCONTAINER) eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kumazwe ngamazwe zezi:
Umlinganiselo wangaphandle yi 20 iinyawo X8 iinyawo X8 iinyawo 6 intshi, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge 20 iinyawo isikhongozeli;
40 iinyawo X8 iinyawo X8 iinyawo 6 intshi, ekubhekiselwa kuyo 40 iinyawo isikhongozeli;kwaye ngaphezulu esetyenziswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje 40 iinyawo X8 iinyawo X9 iinyawo 6 intshi, ekubhekiselwa kuyo 40 iinyawo isikhongozeli high.
① isikhongozeli sonyawo: umthamo wangaphakathi yi-5.69 yeemitha X 2.13 yeemitha X 2.18 yeemitha, ubunzima bokuhanjiswa ngokubanzi ziitoni eziyi-17.5, kwaye umthamo yi-24-26 cubic metres.
② I-40-foot container: Umthamo wangaphakathi yi-11.8 yeemitha X 2.13 yeemitha X 2.18 Ubunzima obuninzi bokusasazwa ngokubanzi ziitoni ezingama-22, kunye nomthamo we-54 cubic metres.
③ 40-unyawo-isikhongozeli eliphezulu: umthamo wangaphakathi 11.8 yeemitha X 2.13 yeemitha X 2.72 yeemitha.Ubunzima bokusasazwa ngokubanzi ziitoni ezingama-22, kwaye umthamo ungama-68 cubic me.iiter.
④ Iimitha ezingama-45 isikhongozeli esiphakamileyo: umthamo wangaphakathi uthi: 13.58 yeemitha X 2.34 yeemitha X 2.71 yeemitha, ubunzima bempahla bubonke ziitoni ezingama-29, kwaye umthamo yi-86 cubic metres.
⑤ isikhongozeli esivulekileyo seenyawo: umthamo wangaphakathi yi-5.89 yeemitha ze-X 2.32 yeemitha ze-X 2.31 yeemitha, ubunzima bokusabalalisa iitoni ezingama-20, kunye nomthamo we-31.5 cubic metres.
⑥ i-40-foot open-top container: umthamo wangaphakathi yi-12.01 yeemitha ze-X 2.33 yeemitha ze-X 2.15 yeemitha, ubunzima bokusabalalisa yi-30.4 yeetoni, kunye nomthamo we-65 cubic metres.
⑦ unyawo lwesikhongozeli esimcaba esisezantsi: umthamo wangaphakathi yi-5.85 yeemitha X 2.23 yeemitha X 2.15 yeemitha, ubunzima bokuhanjiswa bubonke ziitoni ezingama-23, kwaye umthamo yi-28 cubic metres.
⑧ I-40-foot foot-flat-bottomed container: umthamo wangaphakathi yi-12.05 yeemitha ze-X 2.12 yeemitha X 1.96 yeemitha, ubunzima bokusabalalisa ubunzima buziitoni ezingama-36, kunye nomthamo we-50 cubic metres.
(2) Ngokwezixhobo zokwenza ibhokisi: kukho izikhongozeli ze-aluminiyam, izikhongozeli zeepleyiti zentsimbi, izikhongozeli zefiberboard, kunye nezikhongozeli zeplastiki eziqinisiweyo.
(3) Ngokwenjongo: kukho izitya ezomileyo;izikhongozeli ezifakwe efrijini (REEFER CONTAINER);izitya zokuxhoma iimpahla (ISIKHOMBI SOKUXHUBA ISIXHOBA);izikhongozeli eziphezulu ezivulekileyo (I-OPENTOP CONTAINER);izikhongozeli zesakhelo (I-FLAT RACK CONTAINER);izikhongozeli zetanki (I-TANK CONTAINER) .
2. Izikhongozeli ezidityanisiweyo
Kwizikhongozeli ezidityanisiweyo, imithwalo ibalwa ngokubanzi ngokomthamo kunye nobunzima bempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle.
Okwesibhozo: i-inshurensi yezothutho
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaqela amabini avumelene kwangaphambili kwimibandela echaphazelekayo ye-inshurensi yezothutho ekusayineni "Ikhontrakthi yokuthenga".Ii-inshorensi eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-inshurensi yothutho lwempahla yolwandle, i-inshurensi yothutho lwe-inshurensi yomhlaba neyeposi yomoya, njl.njl. Phakathi kwazo, iindidi ze-inshorensi eziphantsi kwamagatya e-inshurensi yothutho lolwandle zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iindidi ze-inshorensi ezisisiseko kunye neendidi ze-inshorensi ezongezelelweyo:
(1) Kukho ii-inshorensi ezintathu ezisisiseko: Ezisimahla kwi-Paricular Average-FPA, WPA (Ngomndilili okanye Ngomndilili okhethekileyo-WA okanye i-WPA) kunye nayo yonke i-Risk-AR Umda woxanduva lwe-Ping An i-Inshurensi ibandakanya: ilahleko iyonke yomthwalo obangelwa iintlekele zendalo elwandle;ilahleko iyonke yomthwalo ngexesha lokulayishwa, ukothulwa kunye nokuhanjiswa;ukuzincama, ukwabelana kunye nokusindisa iindleko ezibangelwa ngumyinge jikelele;Ilahleko epheleleyo kunye nenxalenye yomthwalo obangelwa kukungqubana, izikhukhula, ugqabhuko-dubulo.I-inshurensi yomonakalo wamanzi yenye yeengozi ezisisiseko ze-inshurensi yothutho lwaselwandle.Ngokwemiqathango yeinshorensi yePeople's Insurance Company yaseTshayina, ukongeza kwiingozi ezidweliswe kwi-Ping An Insurance, uxanduva lwayo lukwanomngcipheko weentlekele zendalo ezifana nemozulu embi, umbane, itsunami, nezikhukula.Ukhuseleko lwazo zonke iingozi lulingana nesixa se-WPA kunye ne-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo ngokubanzi
(2) I-inshorensi eyongezelelekileyo: Zimbini iindidi ze-inshorensi eyongezelelweyo: i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo ngokubanzi kunye ne-inshurensi ekhethekileyo eyongezelelweyo.Iinshorensi ezongezelelweyo ngokubanzi zibandakanya ubusela kunye ne-inshurensi yokuthatha, i-inshurensi yamanzi kunye nemvula, i-inshurensi yexesha elifutshane, i-inshurensi yokuvuza, i-inshurensi yokuvuza, i-inshurensi yomonakalo we-hook, i-inshurensi yongcoliseko oluxubekileyo, i-inshurensi yokuqhawula iphakheji, i-inshurensi yokubola, i-inshurensi yokufuma kunye nobushushu, kunye nevumba. .Umngcipheko, njl. Imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo eyongezelelweyo ibandakanya iingozi zemfazwe kunye neengozi zogwayimbo.
Okwesithoba: IBill of Lading
I-bill of lading luxwebhu olusetyenziswa ngumrhwebi ukuba athathe iimpahla kunye nokuhlawula imali yangaphandle emva kokuba umthengisi egqibe inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye ne-customs ikhululiwe..
I-bill esayiniweyo yomthwalo ikhutshwa ngokwenani leekopi ezifunwa yileta yekhredithi, ngokubanzi iikopi ezintathu.Umthumeli-mpahla ngaphandle ugcina iikopi ezimbini zokubuyiswa kwerhafu kunye nolunye ushishino, kwaye enye ikopi ithunyelwa kumrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle ukuze aphathe iinkqubo ezinjengokuhanjiswa.
Xa uthumela iimpahla ngolwandle, umrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka abambe i-bill yokuqala yomthwalo, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye ne-invoyisi yokuthatha iimpahla.(Umrhwebi ngaphandle kufuneka athumele i-bill yokuqala yempahla, uluhlu lokupakisha kunye ne-invoyisi kumrhwebi.)
Kumthwalo womoya, ungasebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ifeksi yetyala lempahla, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye ne-invoyisi ukuze uthathe iimpahla.
Okweshumi: Ukuhlawula imali yangaphandle
Emva kokuba iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zithunyelwe, inkampani yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kufuneka ilungiselele ngokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu (uluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi, i-bill of lading, isatifikethi semvelaphi yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuhlaliswa kwamanye amazwe) kunye namanye amaxwebhu ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yeleta yekhredithi.Ngaphakathi kwexesha elisemthethweni lamaxwebhu achazwe kwi-L / C, ngenisa amaxwebhu ebhankini ukwenzela uthethathethwano kunye neenkqubo zokuhlaliswa..
Ukongeza kwintlawulo yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle ngeleta yekhredithi, ezinye iindlela zokuthunyelwa kwentlawulo ngokubanzi ziquka ukudluliselwa kwefowuni (i-TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T/T)), ukudluliselwa kwebhili (DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)), ukudluliselwa kweposi (MAIL TRANSFER (M) /T)), njalo njalo(E-China, ukuthunyelwa kwamashishini kumazwe angaphandle kuyawonwabela umgaqo-nkqubo okhethekileyo wesaphulelo serhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle)
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Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo, i-Medoc izibophelele ekubeni ngumnikezeli wenkonzo yolungelelwaniso othembekileyo wezizwe ngezizwe kuzo zombini iifektri zaseTshayina nabathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe ukubanceda bagqibezele ngcono ishishini labo lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Iinkonzo zethu:
(1) China-EU Umgca okhethekileyo (umnyango ukuya emnyango)
(2) ITshayina-kuMbindi weAsia umgca okhethekileyo (umnyango ukuya emnyango)
(3) ITshayina-kuMbindi Mpuma umgca okhethekileyo (umnyango ukuya emnyango)
(4)China -Mexico umgca okhethekileyo (Door to Door)
(5) Inkonzo yokuthumela ngokwezifiso
(6) Ukubonisana kwe-China kunye neenkonzo ze-arhente
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-06-2022